����� 3
���Ѿ��
-
adopt (v.) = to
take care of one�s own (����§��)
-
ambiguous (adj.) = not
clear in meaning
(��������)
-
base (v.) = to
establish or use as a foundation for (���ҧ��鹰ҹ)
-
caution (v.) = to
warn (��͹)
- commit (v.) = to obligate
someone to follow a course of action (�ѧ�Ѻ)
-
concept ( n.) = idea
or thought (�����Դ)
-
conflict (n.) = fight
or war (�����Ѵ���)
-
conflict (v.) = to be
in opposition to (�繻�Իѡ����)
-
contingency (n.) = an
event that is uncertain or dependent upon something else (�˵ء�ó��������͹
���͵�ͧ�������Ѻ������)
-
contrary to (p.) = in
opposition to (�ç�ѹ�����Ѻ)
-
conventional (adj.) = usual
or ordinary (����)
-
counter- (prefix) = against
or opposite (�ç�ѹ����)
-
derive (v.) = to
obtain or receive from a source (�ŧ�Ҩҡ)
-
feasible (adj.) = capable
of being done
(����ö����)
-
formulate (v.) = to
organize into expression
(��������ٵ�)
-
global (adj.) = relating
to the entire world
(����ǡѺ�š)
-
in essence (exp) = basically
or fundamentally
(�¾�鹰ҹ)
-
in opposition to (p) =
against or opposing (��͵�ҹ)
-
joint (adj.) = shared
by or common to two or more (��������)
-
missing (adj.) = lost
or absent (���)
-
mobile (adj.) = movable (����ö����͹�����)
-
mobility (n.) = ability
to be moved
(��������ö����͹�����)
-
opponent (n.) = person
on the opposing side
(���µç�ѹ����)
-
originate (v.) = to
start or create (�������)
-
political (adj.) = of or
concerning government (����Ǣ�ͧ�Ѻ�Ѱ��� ������ͧ)
-
priority (n.) = preferential
order or position (����ӴѺ�����ӤÑ)
-
proportion (n.) = comparative
relation (�Ѵ��ǹ)
-
ratio (n.) = proportion (�Ѵ��ǹ)
-
secure (v.) = to
make firm or safe (������ʹ���)
-
security (n.) = freedom
from danger
(������ʹ���)
-
setting (n.) = time
and place; environment (���� ʶҹ��� ����Ǵ����)
-
simulate (v.) = to
give the appearance of or imitate (���ͧ)
-
tactic (n.) = means
or plan used to achieve a goal (Ἱ��ó���з����ҹ�����)
-
task (n.) = job (�ҹ)
Ẻ�֡�Ѵ��� 1 ���Ѻ����� A �Ѻ�������¢ͧ���
B
Column
A |
Column
B |
���. 1. in essence (exp) ���. 2. setting (n.) ���. 3. opponent (n.) ���. 4. ambiguous (adj.) ���. 5. feasible (adj.) ���. 6. adopt (v.) ���. 7. contingency (n.) ���. 8. ratio (n.) ���. 9. derive (v.) ��� 10. conventional (adj.) |
a. an event that is
uncertain b. to obtain or receive
from a source c. usual or ordinary d. person on the
opposing side e. not clear in meaning f. proportion g. time and place h. to take care of one�s
own i. basically j. capable of being done |
��� 1. i 2.
g 3. d 4. e 5. j 6. h 7. a 8. f 9. b 10. c
���ҡó�
����� Shall
����Ѻ����й�
�����
Shall �Ѻ��иҹ I ���� We
㹻���¤�Ӷ�����ͺ yes-no
�������ҵ�ͧ����й� ���
�ͺ������������ ��繴��¡Ѻ���йӹ��������� ��
Ẻ�֡�Ѵ 2: ����ҹ����¤���仹��
������ Shall 㹡���й�
¡������ҧ�� Our old washing machine is worn out. (we/buy)
Shall
we buy a new one?
1.
Martin is the best candidate I�ve ever experienced. (we/employ)
������������������������������...
2.
My score in English is very low. (we/review)
�������������������������������
3.
I�d like to know what the life in Italy is like. (we/visit)
������������������������������.
4.
It�s getting cloudy and raining (we/prepare umbrellas)
�������������������������������.
5. My father has been sick since last night (I/take to hospital)
�������������������������������..
���
1. Shall we employ him?
2. Shall we review the lesson?
3. Shall we visit Italy?
4. Shall we prepare umbrellas?
5. Shall I take him to the hospital?
Adjective Suffixes
������ҧ�ٻẺ�ͧ Adjective ����ѧ���仹��
1.
��� -y/
-ly/ -ful/ -less/ -ern/ -ous/ -ic/ -ical/ -ish/ -like/ -al/ -ar/ -ary g ��
�ӹ�� |
�Ӥس�Ѿ�� |
silk brother use home north danger hero hysteria style child monument family station |
silky brotherly useful homeless northern dangerous heroic hysterical stylish childlike monumental familiar stationary |
2.
��� Suffix ���仹������¤ӹ�� ���� �ӡ����
�������ҧ�Ӥس�Ѿ�� -able/
-ible/ -ive/ -tive/ ati
�ӹ��/�ӡ���� |
�Ӥس�Ѿ�� |
force produce protect refund talk |
forcible productive protective refundable talkative |
3.
Suffix ���仹������ö��������¤ӡ���� �������ҧ�Ӥس�Ѿ�� -ent/ -ant
�ӡ���� |
�Ӥس�Ѿ�� |
assist differ |
assistant different |
4. Suffix -ward ����Ѻ�ҡ�Ѿ����仹��
���ͷ�����繤Ӥس�Ѿ��
�ӡ���� |
�Ӥس�Ѿ�� |
back land |
backward landward |
Ẻ�֡�Ѵ 3: Complete the sentences
by adding one of the following suffixs to the nouns or verbs. �y/ -ly/ -ful/ -less/ -ern/ -ous/ -ic/
-ant/ -ive/ -ward.
¡������ҧ�� Gina always gets c
accidents for she is a (careful) careful driver.
1.
Their son is a (mechanic) ������� engineer.
2. There are a lot of (beauty) �������.. flowers in my garden.
3.
Love is (wonder) �������� for all human beings.
4.
I am (nerve) ������.. every time I have to talk to the public.
5.
Chiang Mai is in the (north) �����. part of Thailand.
��� 1.
mechanical 2. beautiful 3. wonderful 4. nervous 5. Northern
Subject-Verb Agreement
㹻���¤�����ѧ��� �ӡ���ҵ�ͧ��Ш�µ����иҹ �¢������Ѻ��� ��иҹ���͡����
���;�پ��� ����ѡ�����ѧ���仹��
1. Singular Indefinite Pronouns ���
����þ����͡���� ������੾����Ш�������������ͼ��� ���
���͡���� �����ӡ�����͡�������� ����þ��������������� one,
each either, neither,
every, somebody,
someone, everybody, everyone, no one, nobody ��
-
One of = ˹��� � �е�ͧ������¤ӹ���Ѻ���پ��� ����� the/ these/
those/
my/
yours/
his/
Tom�s
�ҧ����ҧ˹�Ҥӹ����� � ����ӡ�����͡���� �� One of
the girls is my cousin.
-
Each of = ���� � �е�ͧ������¤ӹ���Ѻ���پ���
����� the/ these/ those/ my/ yours/
his/
Tom�s
�ҧ����ҧ˹�� ��ӡ�����͡���� �� Each of the
girls has
bought a new blouse.
-
Either of = ���ҧ����ҧ˹�� �е�ͧ������¤ӹ���Ѻ���پ��� ����� the/ these/ those/ my/
yours/
his/
Tom�s
�ҧ����ҧ˹�� ����ӡ�����͡���� �� Either of those
restaurants is very
good to visit.
2. There + be = �� �ա�����ͧ�ٻẺ�ѧ���
- There
is + ����͡����/ ����Ѻ����� ��
There is some mud on the table. (����Ѻ�����)
There is a scratch on the table. (����Ѻ���͡����)
- There
are + �����پ���
�� There are some scratches on the
table.
3. Compound Subjects
��� ��иҹ����դӹ�����µ���������͡ѹ����������
����ӡ�����͡���� 㹡óմѧ���仹��
3.1 ����� Compound Subject
����ͧ��ǹ ��ҧ�֧�� ���ͧ͢������ǡѹ �� My father and
the principal of the school is always on time at work.
3.2 ����ͻ�иҹ�͡����١�������ҡѺ�ӹ�� �¤���� together
with, accompanied by ���� in addition to �������ӡ���ҵ����иҹ���˹��
�� Eric together
with Gavin is going camping.
3.3 ����� each ���� every
�����˹�Ҥӹ���͡���� �١����������Ҵ��¡ѹ���� and �� Every boy and every girl in this school is very
disciplined.
3.4 ����ͷ���ͧ��ǹ�ͧ��иҹ����դ�������ѹ����ѡɳТͧ���ѹ
��йѺ��������ǡѹ �� Bacon and eggs is my
father�s favorite dish.
3.5
����ͻ�иҹ�͡�����ͧ��� �����ҡ���ҹ�鹶١������ѹ���� or
���� nor ����
��иҹ��Ƿ���ͧ����ѡ㹡�á�˹���Ҥӡ���ҹ�����͡���� ���;�پ��� �� Neither
my daughter nor my sons want to work in an office.
4. Expression of Quantity = �Ӻ͡����ҳ
����ͤӺ͡����ҳẺ�����੾����Ш����� any,
all, some,
none, more ��� most + of + �ӹ�� �ӹ���������ѧ of �繵�ǡ�˹��ӡ����
�� Is there any of the water left in the refrigerator?
Are there some of the students from Sattahip?
5. Irregular Construction = �ӷ�����ç���ҧ�����
-
�ӹ���ҧ���㹡��������������ٻ��پ���
�����Ѻ�ӡ���Ҿ�پ��� ��
clothes The clothes in this shop are very expensive.
-
�ӹ�����ŧ���´��� s �����դ����������͡���� �� news �ä��ҧ � �� measles,
mumps,
herpes ��Ъ����Ԫҵ�ҧ
� �� mathematics, politics, physics, economics, civics,
statistics ��ӡ�����͡����
�� Mumps is
contracted during childhood. Mathematics is my favorite subject.
-
�ӹ���ҧ���㹡�������
����¹�ٻ������繾�پ��� �� men, feet, geese, teeth,
mice, lice, women ��ӡ���Ҿ�پ��� �� Those
women are waiting for the next train.
-
�ӹ��������ٻ����
����������͡���� ��о�پ��� �� bison, corps, deer, fish,
offspring, salmon, series, sheep, spacecraft, species �����ӡ���ҵ���������¢ͧ�ӹ������˹���Ҩ����͡����
���;�پ��� �� A fish is
in the bowl. Many fish
are in the canal.
Ẻ�֡�Ѵ 4: �����͡�ӡ���ҷ��١��ͧ
���ͷ�������¤����ó�
¡������ҧ Each
student enjoys learning English.
1. A lot of the equipment
is/are old.
2. Neither my sister nor my brothers want/wants
to work in an office.
3. Each man and woman need/needs
love.
4. There is/are
some people in the forest.
5. Betty along with Mari and Jack is/are going hunting.
���
1. is 2.
want 3.
needs 4.
are 5.
is
Troublesome English
Historic v.s. Historical
Historic ���¶֧ ��觵�ҧ � ����ջ���ѵ���ʵ�� ��
We visited a historic fort which was constructed in the fifteenth
century. �ǡ���������������·�������������ҧ����ͻ���ҳȵ���ɷ�� 15
Historical ���¶֧
����Ǣ�ͧ�Ѻ����ѵ���ʵ�� �� We
listened to a historical lecture that dealt with the civil war.
�ǡ�������ҿѧ��ú���������ǡѺ����ѵ���ʵ������ǡѺʧ������ҧ���ͧ
Personal v.s. Personnel
����ѡ���ͧ�ӹ���Ѻʹ�ѹ ������˹�ҵҨФ���¤�֧�ѹ
���դ�������ᵡ��ҧ�ѹ
Personal ���¤������ ����ǹ��� ���ͷ���੾�кؤ��
�� I don�t want you to get involved with my personal life. ������ͧ������س���������ǡѺ����ͧ��ǹ��Ǣͧ��
Personnel ���¶֧ �����١��ҧ�ҹ�ºؤ�� ˹��§ҹ ���ͺ���ѷ
�� I am honored to be a
personnel of your company. �ԩѹ����֡�����õԷ�������͡���繾�ѡ�ҹ�ͧ����ѷ�ͧ�س
Idioms and Expressions
Like
a bat out of hell ���� �֧ �����ô��¤����Ǵ�����ҡ ��ТҴ�������Ѵ���ѧ
��
I�m
afraid that my brother will have a car accident because he always drives like a
bat out of hell. �ѹ�ç��ҹ�ͧ��¨л��ʺ�غѵ��˵طҧö¹��
�����ҢѺö���ҧ����ҷ��������