����� 3

���Ѿ��

-         adopt (v.)                      =        to take care of one�s own  (����§��)

-         ambiguous (adj.)             =        not clear in meaning  (��������)

-         base (v.)                       =        to establish or use as a foundation for (���ҧ��鹰ҹ)

-         caution (v.)          =        to warn  (��͹)

          -    commit (v.)                   =        to obligate someone to follow a course of action  (�ѧ�Ѻ)

-         concept ( n.)                  =        idea or thought  (�����Դ)

-         conflict (n.)          =        fight or war  (�����Ѵ���)

-         conflict (v.)          =        to be in opposition to  (�繻�Իѡ����)

-         contingency (n.)              =        an event that is uncertain or dependent upon something else  (�˵ء�ó��������͹ ���͵�ͧ�������Ѻ������)

-         contrary to (p.)               =        in opposition to  (�ç�ѹ�����Ѻ)

-         conventional (adj.) =        usual or ordinary  (����)

-         counter- (prefix)             =        against or opposite  (�ç�ѹ����)

-         derive (v.)                     =        to obtain or receive from a source (�ŧ�Ҩҡ)

-         feasible (adj.)                 =        capable of being done  (����ö����)

-         formulate (v.)                 =        to organize into expression  (��������ٵ�)

-         global (adj.)                   =        relating to the entire world  (����ǡѺ�š)

-         in essence (exp)             =        basically or fundamentally  (�¾�鹰ҹ)

-         in opposition to (p)          =        against or opposing (��͵�ҹ)

-         joint (adj.)                     =        shared by or common to two or more (��������)

-         missing (adj.)                  =        lost or absent  (���)

-         mobile (adj.)                  =        movable  (����ö����͹�����)

-         mobility (n.)                   =        ability to be moved  (��������ö����͹�����)

-         opponent (n.)                 =        person on the opposing side  (���µç�ѹ����)

-         originate (v.)                  =        to start or create (�������)

-         political (adj.)                 =        of or concerning government (����Ǣ�ͧ�Ѻ�Ѱ���  ������ͧ)

-         priority (n.)                    =        preferential order or position (����ӴѺ�����Ӥѭ)

-         proportion (n.)                =        comparative relation   (�Ѵ��ǹ)

-         ratio (n.)                       =        proportion  (�Ѵ��ǹ)

-         secure (v.)                     =        to make firm or safe  (������ʹ���)

-         security (n.)                   =        freedom from danger  (������ʹ���)

-         setting (n.)                    =        time and place; environment (���� ʶҹ��� ����Ǵ����)

-         simulate (v.)                  =        to give the appearance of or imitate  (���ͧ)

-         tactic (n.)                      =        means or plan used to achieve a goal (Ἱ��ó���з����ҹ�����)

-         task (n.)                        =        job  (�ҹ)

 

 

Ẻ�֡�Ѵ��� 1  ���Ѻ����� A �Ѻ�������¢ͧ��� B

Column A

Column B

���. 1. in essence (exp)

���. 2. setting (n.)

���. 3. opponent (n.)

���. 4. ambiguous (adj.)

���. 5. feasible (adj.)

���. 6. adopt (v.)

���. 7. contingency (n.)

���. 8. ratio (n.)       

���. 9. derive (v.)

��� 10. conventional (adj.)

a. an event that is uncertain

b. to obtain or receive from a source

c. usual or ordinary

d. person on the opposing side

e. not clear in meaning

f. proportion

g. time and place

h. to take care of one�s own

i. basically

j. capable of being done

 

���    1. i      2. g     3. d     4. e     5. j      6. h     7. a     8. f      9. b     10. c

 

 

���ҡó�

����� Shall ����Ѻ����й�

          ����� Shall �Ѻ��иҹ I ���� We 㹻���¤�Ӷ�����ͺ yes-no �������ҵ�ͧ����й� ���

�ͺ������������ ��繴��¡Ѻ���йӹ��������� ��

Ẻ�֡�Ѵ 2: ����ҹ����¤���仹�� ������ Shall 㹡���й�

¡������ҧ��  Our old washing machine is worn out.  (we/buy)

                   Shall we buy a new one?

1. Martin is the best candidate I�ve ever experienced.  (we/employ)

    ������������������������������...

2. My score in English is very low. (we/review)

    �������������������������������

3. I�d like to know what the life in Italy is like.  (we/visit)

   ������������������������������.

4. It�s getting cloudy and raining (we/prepare umbrellas)

   �������������������������������.

5. My father has been sick since last night (I/take to hospital)

  �������������������������������..

 

���

1. Shall we employ him?

2. Shall we review the lesson?

3. Shall we visit Italy?

4. Shall we prepare umbrellas?

5. Shall I take him to the hospital?

 

Adjective Suffixes

          ������ҧ�ٻẺ�ͧ Adjective ����ѧ���仹��

1. ��� ­  -y/ -ly/ -ful/ -less/ -ern/ -ous/ -ic/ -ical/ -ish/ -like/ -al/ -ar/ -ary g ��

�ӹ��

�Ӥس�Ѿ��

silk

brother

use

home

north

danger

hero

hysteria

style

child

monument

family

station

silky

brotherly

useful

homeless

northern

dangerous

heroic

hysterical

stylish

childlike

monumental

familiar

stationary

 

2. ��� Suffix ���仹������¤ӹ�� ���� �ӡ���� �������ҧ�Ӥس�Ѿ��  -able/ -ible/ -ive/ -tive/ ati     

�ӹ��/�ӡ����

�Ӥس�Ѿ��

force

produce

protect

refund

talk

forcible

productive

protective

refundable

talkative

 

3. Suffix ���仹������ö��������¤ӡ���� �������ҧ�Ӥس�Ѿ��  -ent/ -ant

�ӡ����

�Ӥس�Ѿ��

assist

differ

assistant

different

 

4. Suffix -ward ����Ѻ�ҡ�Ѿ����仹�� ���ͷ�����繤Ӥس�Ѿ��

�ӡ����

�Ӥس�Ѿ��

back

land

backward

landward

 

Ẻ�֡�Ѵ 3: Complete the sentences by adding one of the following suffixs to the nouns or verbs.  �y/ -ly/ -ful/ -less/ -ern/ -ous/ -ic/ -ant/ -ive/ -ward.

¡������ҧ��   Gina always gets c accidents for she is a (careful) careful driver.

1. Their son is a (mechanic) ������� engineer.

2. There are a lot of (beauty) �������.. flowers in my garden.

3. Love is (wonder) �������� for all human beings.

4. I am (nerve) ������.. every time I have to talk to the public.

5. Chiang Mai is in the (north) �����. part of Thailand.

��� 1. mechanical    2. beautiful     3. wonderful   4. nervous      5. Northern

 

Subject-Verb Agreement

          㹻���¤�����ѧ��� �ӡ���ҵ�ͧ��Ш�µ����иҹ  �¢������Ѻ��� ��иҹ���͡���� ���;�پ���  ����ѡ�����ѧ���仹��

1. Singular Indefinite Pronouns   ��� ����þ����͡���� ������੾����Ш�������������ͼ���  ���

   ���͡����  �����ӡ�����͡��������    ����þ��������������� one, each either, neither,

   every, somebody, someone, everybody, everyone, no one, nobody  ��

-         One of = ˹��� �   �е�ͧ������¤ӹ���Ѻ���پ��� ����� the/ these/ those/ my/ yours/ his/ Tom�s   �ҧ����ҧ˹�Ҥӹ����� � ����ӡ�����͡���� �� One of the girls is my cousin.                                                                                

-         Each of = ���� �   �е�ͧ������¤ӹ���Ѻ���پ��� ����� the/ these/ those/ my/ yours/ his/ Tom�s   �ҧ����ҧ˹��  ï¿½ï¿½Ó¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½Í¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ �� Each of the girls has bought a new blouse.

-         Either of = ���ҧ����ҧ˹��     �е�ͧ������¤ӹ���Ѻ���پ���  ����� the/ these/ those/ my/ yours/ his/ Tom�s  �ҧ����ҧ˹��  ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½Ó¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½Í¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ �� Either of those restaurants is very

good to visit.

2. There + be = ��    �ա�����ͧ�ٻẺ�ѧ���

-   There is + ����͡����/ ����Ѻ����� ��  There is some mud on the table.  (����Ѻ�����)

    There is a scratch on the table. (����Ѻ���͡����)

-   There are + �����پ��� �� There are some scratches on the table.

3. Compound Subjects ��� ��иҹ����դӹ�����µ���������͡ѹ���������� ����ӡ�����͡���� 㹡óմѧ���仹�� 

3.1 ����� Compound Subject ����ͧ��ǹ ��ҧ�֧�� ���ͧ͢������ǡѹ �� My father and the principal of the school is always on time at work.

3.2 ����ͻ�иҹ�͡����١�������ҡѺ�ӹ�� �¤���� together with, accompanied by ���� in addition  to �������ӡ���ҵ����иҹ���˹�� ��  Eric together with Gavin is going camping.

3.3 ����� each ���� every �����˹�Ҥӹ���͡���� �١����������Ҵ��¡ѹ���� and �� Every boy and every girl in this school is very disciplined.

3.4 ����ͷ���ͧ��ǹ�ͧ��иҹ����դ�������ѹ����ѡɳТͧ���ѹ ��йѺ��������ǡѹ �� Bacon and eggs is my father�s favorite dish.

3.5 ����ͻ�иҹ�͡�����ͧ��� �����ҡ���ҹ�鹶١������ѹ���� or ���� nor ���� ��иҹ��Ƿ���ͧ����ѡ㹡�á�˹���Ҥӡ���ҹ�����͡���� ���;�پ��� �� Neither my daughter nor my sons want to work in an  office.

4. Expression of Quantity = �Ӻ͡����ҳ   ����ͤӺ͡����ҳẺ�����੾����Ш�����  any,

    all, some, none, more ��� most + of  + �ӹ��   �ӹ���������ѧ of �繵�ǡ�˹��ӡ����

      �� Is there any of the water left in the refrigerator?

         Are there some of the students from Sattahip?

5. Irregular Construction = �ӷ�����ç���ҧ�����

-                     �ӹ���ҧ���㹡��������������ٻ��پ��� �����Ѻ�ӡ���Ҿ�پ���  �� clothes The clothes in this shop are very expensive.

-                     �ӹ�����ŧ���´��� s �����դ����������͡���� �� news     ï¿½Ã¤ï¿½ï¿½Ò§ � �� measles, mumps,

herpes  ��Ъ����Ԫҵ�ҧ � �� mathematics, politics, physics, economics, civics, statistics   ��ӡ�����͡���� ��  Mumps is contracted during  childhood.  Mathematics is my favorite subject.

-                     �ӹ���ҧ���㹡������� ����¹�ٻ������繾�پ��� �� men, feet, geese, teeth, mice, lice, women    ��ӡ���Ҿ�پ��� ��  Those women are waiting for the next train.

-                     �ӹ��������ٻ���� ����������͡���� ��о�پ��� �� bison, corps, deer, fish, offspring, salmon, series, sheep, spacecraft, species  �����ӡ���ҵ���������¢ͧ�ӹ������˹���Ҩ����͡���� ���;�پ���  �� A fish is in the bowl.    Many fish are in the canal.

 

Ẻ�֡�Ѵ 4: �����͡�ӡ���ҷ��١��ͧ ���ͷ�������¤����ó�

¡������ҧ  Each student enjoys learning English.

1.  A lot of the equipment is/are old.

2.  Neither my sister nor my brothers want/wants to work in an office.

3.  Each man and woman need/needs love.

4.  There is/are some people in the forest.

5.  Betty along with Mari and Jack is/are going hunting.

���

1. is              2. want                   3. needs                  4. are            5. is

 

 

Troublesome English

Historic v.s. Historical

Historic ���¶֧ ��觵�ҧ � ����ջ���ѵ���ʵ�� ��

We visited a historic fort which was constructed in the fifteenth century.  �ǡ���������������·�������������ҧ����ͻ���ҳȵ���ɷ�� 15

Historical ���¶֧ ����Ǣ�ͧ�Ѻ����ѵ���ʵ��  �� We listened to a historical lecture that dealt with the civil war.  �ǡ�������ҿѧ��ú���������ǡѺ����ѵ���ʵ������ǡѺʧ������ҧ���ͧ

Personal v.s. Personnel

����ѡ���ͧ�ӹ���Ѻʹ�ѹ ������˹�ҵҨФ���¤�֧�ѹ ���դ�������ᵡ��ҧ�ѹ

Personal ���¤������ ����ǹ��� ���ͷ���੾�кؤ�� �� I don�t want you to get involved with my personal life.  ������ͧ������س���������ǡѺ����ͧ��ǹ��Ǣͧ��

Personnel ���¶֧ �����١��ҧ�ҹ�ºؤ�� ˹��§ҹ ���ͺ���ѷ ��  I am honored to be a personnel of your company.  �ԩѹ����֡�����õԷ�������͡���繾�ѡ�ҹ�ͧ����ѷ�ͧ�س

 

Idioms and Expressions

Like a bat out of hell ���� �֧ �����ô��¤����Ǵ�����ҡ ��ТҴ�������Ѵ���ѧ ��

I�m afraid that my brother will have a car accident because he always drives like a bat out of hell.  �ѹ�ç��ҹ�ͧ��¨л��ʺ�غѵ��˵طҧö¹�� �����ҢѺö���ҧ����ҷ��������